Definition and Examples of Media in Communications

Definition and Examples of Media in Communications In the communication process, a medium is a channel or system of communication- the means by which  information (the message) is transmitted  between a speaker or writer (the sender) and an audience (the receiver). The plural form is  media, and its also known as a channel. The medium used to send a message may range from an individuals voice, writing, clothing, and body language to forms of mass communication such as newspapers, television, and the internet. Communication Media Changes Over Time Before the printing press, mass communication didnt exist, as books were hand-written and literacy wasnt widespread throughout all social classes. The invention of moveable type was a major communication innovation for the world. Author Paula S. Tompkins sums up the history of communication and change thusly: When a communication medium changes, our practices  and  experiences of communication also change. The technology of writing liberated human communication from the medium of face-to-face (f2f) interaction. This  change affected both the process and  experience of communication, as persons no longer needed to be physically present to communicate with one another. The technology of the printing press further promoted the medium of writing by  mechanizing the creation and distribution of the written word. This began the new communication form of mass communication in pamphlets, newspapers, and cheap books, in contrast to the medium of handwritten documents and books.  Most recently, the medium of digital technology  is again changing the process and experience of human communication.(Practicing Communication Ethics: Development, Discernment, and Decision-Making. Routledge, 2016) Television mass media used to distill the news into a nightly news hour. With the advent of 24-hour news channels on cable, people could check in hourly or at any point in the hour to find out the latest news. Now, with social media platforms and the ubiquitous smartphones in our pockets, we can check news and happenings- or be alerted of them- constantly throughout the day. This puts a lot more news up front just because its the most recent. News outlets and channels looking for peoples eyeballs on their content (and advertisers) have a lot of pressure to keep those updates coming to peoples feeds. The outrageous, shocking, and easily digestible gets shared more widely than something thats complex and nuanced. Something short gets read more widely than something long. Authors James W. Chesebro and Dale A. Bertelsen noted how modern messaging seems a lot more like marketing than discourse, and their observation has only been amplified with the advent of social media: [A] significant shift in the nature of communication has been reported for several decades. Increasingly, it has been noted that a shift from a content orientation- with its emphasis on the ideational or substantive dimension of  discourse- to a concern for form or  medium- with an emphasis on image, strategy, and patterns of discourse- has been identified as a central feature of the information age. (Analyzing Media: Communication Technologies as Symbolic and Cognitive Systems. Guilford Press, 1996) Is the Medium the Message? If the medium through which information is delivered via affects what people get out of it, that could have big implications for today. As people move away from the in-depth coverage of an issue they can receive in print media to getting more information from social media, they consume increasing amounts of their information in soundbites, shared snippets of news that may be slanted (or fake, i.e., completely invented with no basis in fact), or inaccurate. In the modern age of people will remember it if you repeat it often enough- it doesnt matter if its true, it takes deeper dives into the information by message receivers to find out the real story and any hidden motives behind the headlines. If the medium doesnt equate with the message, its still true that different formats carry different versions of the same story, such as in depth of information or in emphasis.

The Medias 5 Most Tired Asian American Stereotypes

The Medias 5 Most Tired Asian American Stereotypes Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, but in Hollywood, theyre often invisible or subject to old, tired stereotypes. Stereotypes in the media are especially harmful given that the Asian American community is woefully underrepresented on the large and small screen alike. â€Å"Only 3.8 percent of all television and theatrical roles were portrayed by Asian Pacific Islander actors in 2008, compared to 6.4 percent portrayed by Latino actors, 13.3 percent portrayed by African Americans and 72.5 percent portrayed by Caucasian actors,† according to the Screen Actors Guild. Because of this imbalance, Asian American actors have few opportunities to counteract sweeping generalizations about their racial group. In reality, Asian Americans are far more than the geeks and geishas Hollywood would have you believe. Dragon Ladies Since the days of early Hollywood, Asian American women have played â€Å"dragon ladies.† These female characters tend to be physically attractive but domineering and underhanded. Ultimately, they can’t be trusted. Chinese-American actress Anna May Wong played a series of these roles in the 1920s and contemporary actress Lucy Liu has more recently been accused of popularizing the stereotype. Wong temporarily left the United States to act in European films where she could escape being typecast as a dragon lady in Hollywood films. â€Å"I was so tired of the parts I had to play,† Wong explained in a 1933 interview quoted by the Los Angeles Times. â€Å"Why is it that the screen Chinese is nearly always the villain of the piece, and so cruel a villain- murderous, treacherous, a snake in the grass? We are not like that. †¦ We have our own virtues. We have our rigid code of behavior, of honor. Why do they never show these on the screen? Why should we always scheme, rob, kill?† Kung Fu Fighters When Bruce Lee became a superstar in the U.S. after the success of his 1973 film â€Å"Enter the Dragon,† the Asian American community largely took pride in his fame. In the film, Lee wasn’t portrayed as a buck-toothed imbecile, as Asian Americans had been portrayed in films such as â€Å"Breakfast at Tiffany’s.† Instead, he was strong and dignified. But before long, Hollywood began to portray all Asian Americans as martial arts experts. â€Å"So now the flipside of stereotyping is that every Asian American actor is expected to know some form of martial arts,† Tisa Chang, director of the Pan Asian Repertory Theatre in New York, told ABC News. â€Å"Any casting person will say, ‘Well, do you do some martial arts?’† Since Bruce Lee’s death, Asian performers such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li have become stars in the U.S. due to their martial arts backgrounds. Geeks Asian Americans are often portrayed as geeks and technical whizzes. Not only does this stereotype surface in television shows and films but also in commercials. The Washington Post has pointed out that Asian Americans are often portrayed as technologically savvy people in ads for corporations such as Verizon, Staples, and IBM. â€Å"When Asian Americans appear in advertising, they typically are presented as the technological experts- knowledgeable, savvy, perhaps mathematically adept or intellectually gifted,† the Post reported. â€Å"They’re most often shown in ads for business-oriented or technical products- smartphones, computers, pharmaceuticals, electronic gear of all kinds.† These commercials play on existing stereotypes about Asians being intellectually and technologically superior to Westerners. Foreigners Although people of Asian descent have lived in the United States since the 1800s, Asian Americans are often portrayed as perpetual foreigners. Like Latinos, Asians in television and film often speak accented English, suggesting that they’re recent immigrants to the country. These portrayals ignore that the United States is home to generation after generation of Asian Americans. They also set up Asian Americans to be stereotyped in real life. Asian Americans often complain about how often they get asked, â€Å"Where are you from- originally?† or complimented for speaking good English when they’ve spent their entire lives in the United States. Prostitutes Asian women have routinely been featured as prostitutes and sex workers in Hollywood. The line â€Å"Me love you long time,† spoken by a Vietnamese sex worker to U.S. soldiers in the 1987 film â€Å"Full Metal Jacket,† is arguably the most famous cinematic example of an Asian woman willing to sexually debase herself for white men. â€Å"There we have the promiscuous API woman stereotype: The one in which the Asian woman wants to have sex, willing to do anything, with the white man,† wrote Tony Le in Pacific Ties magazine. â€Å"The stereotype has taken many forms, from Lotus Blossom to Miss Saigon.† Le said that 25 years of â€Å"me love you long time† jokes endure. According to the TV Tropes website, the Asian prostitute stereotype dates back to the 1960s and ’70s, when U.S. military involvement in Asia heightened. In addition to â€Å"Full Metal Jacket,† films such as â€Å"The World of Suzie Wong† notoriously featured an Asian prostitute whose love for a white man is unrequited. â€Å"Law Order: SVU† also routinely depicts Asian women as prostitutes and mail-order brides.