The Ku Klux Klan prevented African Americans from gaining civil rights Essay Example for Free

The Ku Klux Klan kept African Americans from increasing social equality Essay The â€Å"Ku Klux Klan† were an Anglo-Saxon put together religion who accepted exclusively with respect to racial oppression. The development was first framed in the 1860’s so as to secure white rights; they for the most part shaped in the exceptionally profound southern conditions of America. Since beginning the â€Å"KKK† has experienced periods of ubiquity followed by basically blurring in number. Anyway in 1915 the â€Å"KKK† was restored with extraordinary power, presently representing what they portrayed as Americanism, Christianity and Morality. After this The â€Å"KKK† kept on developing in number up until the late 1960’s, flaunting numbers somewhere in the range of two and 5,000,000 individuals including some significant political impact. The â€Å"KKK† for the most part utilized there forceful way and power they brought upon the dark individuals. This terrorizing prevented the dark individuals from living close to white networks and furthermore ensured they would not grumble or attempt to utilize their privileges. This was so emotional on the grounds that the dark individuals were so apprehensive or murder and torment they didn't whine or dissent for social equality, subsequently keeping this issue from the remainder of America and the world. The â€Å"KKK† were merciless in the south right now as they preformed kills and crushed dark networks so as to introduce such dread that the blacks would stay silent. Most dark individuals felt so scared they couldn’t even vote due to the nearly certainty that the â€Å"KKK† would discover which would bring about killings and firebombing of family units. The â€Å"KKK† was such a huge gathering as a result of the immense measure of individuals that had a place with the development, particularly in the southern states. The dark individuals couldn't work out who was a Klan part or not all that got terrified and conniving surprisingly, this lead to dark in any event, losing confidence in the law and American legislative issues. This was on the grounds that numerous individuals and supporters of the Klan were incredible at the time in America and held some ground-breaking employments. Congresspersons, judges and police boss all possibly could have been Klansmen. This introduced a considerably bigger dread into the dark individuals of America. These individuals additionally ensured that politically social equality laws were not passed and in a state bases laws were not kept. For instance Bull Conner included ground-breaking employments inside Birmingham, Alabama and the police boss for that town and because of his realized bigotry ensured that every single dark resident of Birmingham were dealt with seriously and were declined the right to speak freely of discourse, thusly this made a much greater condition of dread for residents of Alabama around then. Many Black individuals living inside Southern states when they set aside enough cash or sifted through arrangements’ moved structure the south toward the north were they realized they would be dealt with more pleasant. This was ensured by the â€Å"KKK† that there were insufficient blacks to try and battle for their privileges regardless of whether they could, for instance in the event that they could cast a ballot there would not be sufficient dark individuals to have any kind of effect and ensured that coordination into white schools was not an issue. Likewise if dark individuals were escaping from the south toward the north the â€Å"KKK† had won as they would not like to live among them at any rate and ensured they realized they had constrained them out by their extraordinary abuse. Then again, it very well may be contended that the â€Å"KKK† bombed in their general mean to prevent dark individuals from increasing social liberties in America. Schools and arrangements in both North and South details became integrated notwithstanding the Klan’s misuse. This demonstrated regardless of what the dark populace despite everything joined together and in the end won against this racial Tierney structure the â€Å"KKK†. This additionally demonstrated still most of lawmakers trusted in social liberties and demonstrated that the â€Å"KKK† didn't have as much impact inside legislative issues as they suspected. The undeniable other triumph of this was the more youthful ages started to acknowledge dark individuals as individuals and coordinated them into same social orders which demonstrated that the â€Å"KKK† couldn't keep going forever and once the remainder of the Klansmen cease to exist there will be not very many individuals to take t heir places. The â€Å"KKK† may have thwarted the advancement of social liberties being accomplished in certain states inside southern America however there was as yet an enormous piece of America who by this occasions upheld social equality and felt for how the blacks were treated in the south by the â€Å"KKK†, this made disdain for the North against the Klan and developed more help and decisions in favor of professional social liberties government officials. Along these lines over the long haul the Klan just thwarted themselves and ensured basically that the dark were dealt with better and given more rights. The convergence of numerous social equality lobbyist gatherings, for example, the NAACP and the SCLC basically offset the â€Å"KKK† as these gatherings on account of any semblance of Martin Luther King utilized sharp present day strategies to neutralize the Klan’s powers. These gatherings upheld blacks in all territories from quiet dissent to help in the courts. The Klan’s bland and unsurprising strategies were no counterpart for the intensity of things like the media and utilization of making compassion toward the dark individuals in the south. The NAACP even helped dark individuals get the vote in southern states so. Along these lines there were social liberties identifies even in southern states. Taking everything into account, The â€Å"Ku Klux Klan† was an effective development and prevented many dark individuals from prevailing with regards to increasing Civil Rights fundamentally in the South. In any case, In 1964 The Civil Rights Act was passed and thusly couldn't succeed and never truly halted it, basically they just prevailing with regards to drawing out this represent some time.

Peer review for assignments about (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by MR Assignment

Friend audit for assignments about (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by MR inclination loops) - Assignment Example Diagram of the article Bottger’s paper, ‘Peripheral nerve incitement by MR inclination coils,’ is sorted out into subsections with an all around sketched out conceptual and an end. The theoretical layouts the paper’s goal of examining and understanding Peripheral nerve incitement that outcomes from use of MR slope loops in imaging. The theoretical additionally diagrams the paper’s key substance, for example, event of fringe nerve incitement, strategies for diminishing the event, fitting PNS limits that the body can continue included dangers in the innovation, and impacts of the technology’s use. The creator depicts attractive reverberation as a ground-breaking and noteworthy instrument for imaging and that can acquire elevated level goals without utilizing ionizing radiation. The apparatus likewise helps in examining organ work, to research vivo science and to envision the cerebrum. The creator likewise sets up the requirement for care in util ization of the innovation in light of the fact that while high goals pictures requires high quality heartbeat and incredible static attractive fields, these expansion odds of fringe nerve incitement and furthermore hazards care work force inside the imaging office. The paper likewise tries to characterize fringe nerve incitement, distinguish its causes and where it happens, and talks about edge esteems for imaging and methodologies for diminishing impacts of fringe nerve incitement. Acclamations The theoretical offers a complete review of the paper and prevails with regards to imparting the article’s objective. It creates tension by investigation of substance feature yet not real data, an element that can rouse a peruser into the article. The creator likewise utilizes basic and exact headings that are laid out obviously. Another exceptional component of the article is its accomplished believability through dependence and affirmation of its wellsprings of data. Unwavering qual ity of offered data is another component of the article in light of consistency of offered data to different sources. Its contention that fringe nerve incitement causes torment, for instance, is reliable with the perception that the innovation may have touchy impacts, for example, jerking of muscles on patients (Rummeny and Reimer 2009, p. 33). Schultz likewise underpins the author’s position on reasons for the incitement, fluctuating attractive fields (2013, p. 4). Utilization of outlines and tables additionally improves the article’s capacity to convey to the crowd. Insistences various worries, regardless of the positive traits, anyway emerge from the article’s content as for its points and headings. A portion of the article’s content isn't predictable with its headings. The creator doesn't appear to characterize PNS while the heading, ‘what is PNS?’ recommend the requirement for the definition. The crowd foresees an express or deduced defi nition however none shows up. Like in the theoretical, a meaning of PNS is important to make the title pertinent. A similar concern emerges as for the heading, ‘what are the reasons for PNS’ in light of the fact that no express causes, with the exception of included instrument towards the incitement, are advertised. One of the potential reactions would â€Å"changes at the neuromuscular intersection or muscle level† (Tranquilli, Thurmon and Grimm 2013, p. 429). Noteworthy irregularity likewise exists between the theoretical and headings, which conveys the author’

10 Best Beach Reads for Summer 2018

10 Best Beach Reads for Summer 2018 The Favorite Sister by Jessica Knoll (0) Summer is here, which means you get to reward yourself for a long year of studying by soaking up the sun (SPF-protected, of course) and unwinding by the beach or pool. Savor the rays with one of these unputdownable new beach reads. Need to use one as the basis for a post-summer book report? Never fear! Theres EasyBibs easy online grammar checker. The Favorite Sister by Jessica Knoll Published on May 15, 2018 Five successful women land a reality series that ensues with plenty of drama. Hardly anything newâ€"until it ends in murder. Sisters Brett and Kelly, along with a supporting cast of high-power characters, navigate envy and strife in a murder mystery that also explores sister relationships, societal pressures, and the glass ceiling. If you’re looking for a beach read that’s thought-provoking as well as entertaining, The Favorite Sister is a smart bet. The Good Son by You-jeong Jeong Published on June 5, 2018 Murder most foul makes another appearance in this new novel by South Korean author You-jeong Jeong, her first to be translated into English. Yu-jin is awakes in an early-morning haze doused in blood that isn’t his ownâ€"only to discover the mutilated body of his mother. He then sets out to find her killer. As young women begin to disappear from his town, Yu-jin finds out more than he bargained for about his own family’s past. Inspired by a true story (!), you might find yourself skipping the beach volleyball match to find out whodunnit. Southernmost by Silas House Published on June 5, 2018 If you’re searching for a captivating family drama, Silas House’s most recent novel should be on your list. After a flood decimates a small Tennessee town, evangelical Asher Sharp offers shelter to two gay men whose home was destroyedâ€"creating tension with his prejudiced wife and much of the town. His relationships suffer tremendously, and after a custody battle, Asher flees with his son to Key West to find his estranged brother. This exciting and intense novel about timely issues will keep you on the edge of your seat (or towel). Half Gods by Akil Kumarasamy Published on June 5, 2018 This collection of entwined short stories will have you sitting down at the beach to read one tale and ending up with a finished book and a nice tan. Half Gods follows the stories of two brothers, linking them to other characters including a butcher in New Jersey, a Muslim girl with a Hindu name, and an etymologist in Sri Lanka. With its beautiful and evocative writing, this book will take you to far-flung places, no plane ticket required. Treeborne by Caleb Johnson Published on June 5, 2018 Travel through time with this debut novel, another set in the American south. Elberta, Alabama is a city that has gone through many changes over the years, as has the eccentric Treeborne family. Narrator Janie Treeborne tells the family’s history to her grandson as she stands to lose the family orchard that she loves so much. If you like quirky stories with a strong sense of place, this is the book for you. Tell Me Lies by Carola Lovering Published on June 12, 2018 This addictive novel explores the strange and toxic relationship between two characters, Lucy Albright and Stephen DeMarco, from their first days of college to their post-college life. Immediately attracted to the mysterious and alluring Stephen, Lucy doesn’t realize she’s going to stumble into the ultimate dark secret. With alternating narration exposing different sides of the story in a way we never get in real life, this novel will stay with you for the entire summer. Who is Vera Kelly? by Rosalie Knecht Published on June 12, 2018 Rosalie Knecht’s latest novel explores a different side of the Cold War with a distinct heroine. In 1962, Vera Kelly is a lively New Yorker who’s just getting by as a radio host when the CIA extends her an unexpected invitation. Next thing she knows, she’s in Buenos Aires, on a mission to infiltrate student radicals while trying to break into the local KGB faction. But Vera soon gets in over her head, giving her a new mission: survival. If you like spy stories and strong heroines, this is the book for you. There There by Tommy Orange Expected on July 5, 2018 This debut novel by Tommy Orange explores intimate family connections as well as large cultural realities through interconnected stories. Each tells the story of one character who has come to the Big Oakland Powwow for a different reason: Jacquie to reconnect with her estranged family, Opal to support her nephew’s dance performance, and Dene to remember his late uncle. Together, their stories explore the contemporary Native American experience in ways that are in turns tragic, funny, and beautiful. What We Were Promised by Lucy Tan Expected on July 10, 2018 This deep and satisfying first novel tells a different kind of diaspora story: the one that begins when we return. Wei, Lina, and Karen Zhen have recently relocated to Shanghai, China after years of living in America. In their new home, each family member settles into a new and unfamiliar role. Lina, who is used to having a career, is now a leisurely housewife; Wei works for an advertising company; and Karen attends a Chinese-American boarding school. The Zhen family learns to navigate their new lifestyles while butting up against their complicated pasts and rapidly changing country.   Fresh Ink: An Anthology edited by Lamar Giles Expected on August 14, 2018 This anthology of young adult short stories, graphic fiction, and plays features writing from outstanding YA authors such as Eric Gansworth, Sharon G. Flake, and Aminah Mae Safi. Among them are “Don’t Pass by Me,” a tale about an Indian-American boy embracing his culture, “Why I Learned to Cook,” a story of a young Persian girl getting to know her grandmother, and “Tags,” a play narrated by New York teenagers beyond the grave, among many more. Diverse in genre, narrator, and voice, this beach read leaves nothing out, but is sure to leave you wanting more. We hope you enjoy these page-turners! If you need to turn one into a book report, brush up on how to make an APA book citation or see an example of MLA format. To make the citing even easier, there’s always EasyBib’s free citation generator. It never takes summer vacation.

The Presidential Election and the Aftermath - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1905 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Presidential Election Essay Did you like this example? The 1960 Election is one of the closest presidential elections in American history, and the winner did great things in office. John Fitzgerald Kennedy ran for the Democratic party, and Richard Milhous Nixon ran for the Republican party. This was an unprecedented election for a number of reasons, and there were many engaging facts about this election. Some of the information is very surprising and interesting. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the democratic presidential candidate in the 1960 presidential election. John was born into an affluent family in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. He was the second-oldest son of Rose and Joseph Kennedy and had eight other siblings. John was called Jack when he was growing up. He had serious health issues and had these problems for most of his life. John attended Harvard University for his college education and served in World War II as a lieutenant in the Navy after he graduated. While in the Navy, John’s ship was destroyed. He took his men to an island, and then swam out to try to find help. He was unsuccessful, but he went back to the island where they found some benign natives that helped rescue them. After World War II, John pursued a career in politics. He was in the House of Representatives from 1946 to 1952, and he became a Senator in 1952. He was becoming quite popular, and he was almost picked to run for Vice President in the 195 6 election. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Presidential Election and the Aftermath" essay for you Create order After this, he decided to run for the presidency in 1960. He started to campaign shortly afterwards. Unlike John Kennedy, Richard Milhous Nixon was born on January 9, 1913, into a poor family in Yorba Linda, California. Richard Nixon was the republican presidential candidate who would face Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election. Where Kennedy got his education at Harvard, Nixon attended Whittier College and then Duke University Law School. Similar to Kennedy, he also served in the Navy during World War II as an officer. Nixon also served in Congress like Kennedy. However, Richard Nixon had also served as Vice President under Dwight Eisenhower from 1952 to 1961. This led many to believe that Nixon was better fit for the presidency because he had more experience than Kennedy did. The 1960 Presidential Election was the first ever election to have televised debates. In fact, there was not only one debate, but four, which was an unprecedented number of debates for a presidential election in America. The first of these debates was on September 26, in Chicago, Illinois. The entire day, Nixon had been campaigning and was tired and sweaty. He was tired and recovering from the flu. He also refused to wear makeup. On the other hand, John Kennedy had an appealing, telegenic image. Kennedy wore a dark suit, which looked much better than Nixon’s gray suit. Kennedy also wore makeup and was taught how to sit and act during the debate. Trying to counter his lack of experience, Kennedy was very aggressive and talked about his time in Congress. Part of Kennedy’s opening statement was, â€Å"I don’t believe in big government, but I believe in effective government action.† This was an appealing statement to many Americans. Nixon said that the country struggled under Democrat Harry Truman, and that the Republican Dwight Eisenhower’s administration was much more successful. People that listened to the debate on the radio thought that it was about even, but people that saw the debate on television thought that Kennedy had easily won. The second and third debates were held on October 7 and October 13. The second debate was in Washington, D.C., and for the third Kennedy was in New York City and Nixon was in Hollywood. The main issue talked about in these two debates were two Taiwan-controlled islands off the coast of China. The question was whether the United States should try to defend these islands from Communism. Kennedy thought that the United States shouldn’t protect them, and that they shouldn’t go farther than Taiwan in the protection of countries from Communism. Nixon thought that the United States should defend the two islands. Nixon was much more aggressive and looked much better than he did in the first debate. For the third debate, Nixon rode and campaigned on Kennedy allowing the two islands to become Communist, and most of the debate was about these two islands. The fourth and final debate was held on October 21, in New York. This was a very important debate, as the race was very close at this point. This debate was mostly about Cuba and the Cold War. Kennedy wanted to support democratic anti-Castro forces that could help the United States overthrow Fidel Castro and Communism in Cuba. Many people agreed with Kennedy and thought that he looked better on the topic, so many people voted for Kennedy because of this issue. This was one of the closest election in the history of the United States. John Kennedy won, but only barely. Kennedy won the popular vote by about 117,000 votes, which was about 0.2%. The electoral vote was also won by Kennedy, who had 303 electoral votes, and Nixon only had 219. Nixon even won more states than Kennedy did, but Kennedy won the bigger states that are worth more electoral votes. Kennedy won for a multitude of reasons. People thought he looked much better than Nixon during the debates, and he was more professional. Historyhit.com says Kennedy was â€Å"equal in substance and superior in style† (Alex Browne, 2017). Many people thought that Kennedy’s lack of experience, health issues, and religion might impact his decisions as a president. Kennedy constantly countered these claims, saying that they wouldn’t alter his decisions. In the south, many people voted for Kennedy because of his running mate, Lyndon B. Johnson. Johnson was from Texas, and Texas was a key state that helped Kennedy win the electoral vote. Kennedy used his wealth to have an expensive campaign, which made his campaign look more professional and better than Nixon, who had a much smaller budget. Nixon also faced criticism over what he did as a vice president. Dwight Eisenhower was asked what his vice president accomplished in office, and Eisenhower said, â€Å"If you give me a week I might think of one.† This casted a bad image on Nixon, which helped Kennedy appeal to voters. After the election, many Nixon supporters questioned whether Kennedy had won some major states such as Texas and Illinois legally. Many wanted Nixon to investigate this, but Nixon said that it would look bad for the United States. However, Nixon still became president from 1969 to 1974, after Lyndon B. Johnson. He was the thirty-seventh president of the United States. On August 9, 1974, Nixon resigned because of the watergate scandal. His political career was now officially over. John Fitzgerald Kennedy becoming president brought a lot of firsts to the presidency. Kennedy was the first president who was catholic. During his campaign, he claimed he would not be a Catholic president, but a president who was Catholic. His campaigning obviously worked, as he became president. Kennedy was also the youngest president to ever be elected. However, he was the second-youngest president to serve, only slightly older than Theodore Roosevelt. When he started serving as president, he was forty-three years old. Kennedy became the first president born in the twentieth century. The previous president, Dwight Eisenhower, was born in 1890. Upon becoming president, John and his wife Jackie became the most popular couple in the country. They were glamorous together. Jackie Kennedy was something similar to a model, and was often featured on the cover on fashion magazines. If Jackie did something with her hair, or wore a new outfit, everybody changed their hair or wore that outfit. Everybody had to wear and do what Jackie was wearing and doing. One of Jackie Kennedy’s most famous outfits is a pink suit, a pink pillbox hat, and white gloves. Seeing this outfit automatically makes people think of Jackie Kennedy, especially the white gloves. Jackie Kennedy even wore this outfit the day her husband was shot and killed. John Kennedy was in a difficult position. Half of America had voted for him, but half had not wanted him to become president. Despite this, Kennedy’s inaugural address is very famous and inspiring. One of Kennedy’s greatest attributes was his ability to inspire people. Arguably Kennedy’s most inspiring quote was during his inaugural address, when he said, â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.† Kennedy brought a more modern and young touch to the presidency. Although Kennedy was very well liked, the CIA did not like Kennedy after he criticized them because of the bay of pigs debacle. In office, Kennedy had many great accomplishments. One of these is preventing starting nuclear war with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was housing nuclear missiles in Cuba, where they could easily launch them on the United States. The United States also had missiles in Turkey and Italy, where they could attack the Soviet Union. Kennedy’s advisors told him to attack Cuba immediately, but Kennedy decided to be patient and withhold an attack. Instead, he put a quarantine around the island so that Soviet ships couldn’t get to Cuba. For thirteen days, the United States and the Soviet Union almost started a nuclear war. Finally, Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev finally turned around his ships and removed the missiles. The United States also removed their missiles. A nuclear war had been avoided. Another issue involving the Soviet Union was the space race. The Soviets were the first country to have a satellite and a man in space, and Kennedy wanted to catch up. His goal was to have a man land on the moon before 1970. One of his most famous quotes is, â€Å"We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.† This inspired NASA to start being more active. They started to recruit more and design bigger rockets. NASA also launched the Apollo, Mercury, and Gemini space programs. Kennedy’s words eventually led to Apollo 11 in 1969, which contained the first man on the moon. Kennedy was a supporter of civil rights, but he thought that he would lose the support of the southern states if he expressed his opinion. He decided to steer clear of this issue and avoid it for as long as possible. His vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, was a huge civil rights advocate. When riots started at Mississippi University, Kennedy knew he needed to take action, and he sent troops to the university. On June 11, 1963, Kennedy made a televised address to the nation. He proposed a new civil rights bill to Congress, and made his opinion clear that he supported civil rights. After this, he knew he needed to make civil rights a priority in his future years as president. As you can see, the 1960 Presidential Election was important for a multitude of reasons. It was also very close, and as little as two states going to the opposite person would have changed the outcome. Even though Kennedy won, Nixon still had lots of supporters, as he became president in future years. This shows that the election contained two very well liked politicians who people thought could help America. The 1960 Election is and always will be one of the most famous elections in American history.

Hurricane Katrina Analysis And Summary Of Articles1. .

Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles 1 Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles Micheal Boor GO125DL Natural Disasters Park University Ms. Jill Lockard 09 April 2017 Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles 2 Abstract The intent of this paper will be to analyze and summarize scholarly case studies and news articles concerning the flooding caused when Hurricane Katrina made landfall in Louisiana in 2005. Additionally, this paper will provide recommendations for how to prevent events of this magnitude from occurring or offer suggestions to mitigate the effects of flooding through providing government aid at the local, state or federal level. To accomplish this, examples and evidence†¦show more content†¦The follow on program to the Standard Flood Project was instituted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency when they established the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP.) The NFIP effectively reset the assessment for high risk areas to every 100 years vice 500 years. Severe floods in the United States between 1993 and 2006 resulted in further changes to how the government approaches floodplain management versus floodplain Hurricane Katrina: Analysis and Summary of Articles 4 risk. One would assume that the Great Mississippi River flood of 1993 would have been the impetus to energize our government to take the steps to reform our aging flood control infrastructure. However, that was not the case and in 2004 Hurricane Katrina shined a spotlight on our out of date flood control infrastructure. Based on the post-flood analysis of the hurricane the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) found that the entire system was precariously designed at best and that if one component failed it would overwhelm the rest of the system causing a catastrophic failure of the flood controls. One thing the USACE did really well was to create an Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET), which acted as an independent group to assist in the fact check of the results from the studies conducted post Katrina. The increased focus on climate change, specifically the ebb and flow of the rainy season in conjunction with how the flood control efforts can play into this is

Hrm in Garment Industry Free Essays

string(96) " unique position in our economy contributing to nearly a one third of the country’s earnings\." Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments by Hemanth CRPatna on Nov 02, 2010 †¢ 3,109 views Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments More†¦ Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments Less Accessibility †¢ View text version Categories †¢ Fashion Beauty †¢ Business Mgmt Tags mba Upload Details Uploaded via SlideShare as Microsoft Word Usage Rights  © All Rights Reserved Flagged as inappropriate Flag as inappropriate Top of Form Flag as inappropriate Select your reason for flagging this presentation as inappropriate. If needed, use the feedback form to let us know more details. [pic][pic]Cancel Bottom of Form File a copyright complaint Embed Views |http://static. We will write a custom essay sample on Hrm in Garment Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now slidesharecdn. com |1 | Statistics Favorites 2 Downloads 0 Comments 0 Embed Views 1 Views on SlideShare 3,108 Total Views 3,109 †¢ [pic][pic]No comments yet †¢ Notes on Slide 1 Top of Form [pic] [pic]Subscribe to comments Post Comment Bottom of Form Top of Form Edit your comment [pic][pic]Cancel Bottom of Form †¢ †¢ 2 Favorites †¢ [pic]rajm2019 1 week ago †¢ [pic]Mohan Ranathunga , Partner at Msix Associate 3 months ago More†¦ Study on employee job satisfaction at liberty garments — Document Transcript †¢ 1. INDUSTRY PROFILE ABOUT GARMENT INDUSTRY: INTRODUCTION: As the business increases day by day to global standards, garment industry also takes its boom in the world trade. Though there are certain limitations and drawbacks in the business scenario, it is still trying to achieve a memorable growth in the world trade. From ancient days onwards, garments play an important role in each and every ones life. Now the fashion technology is growing not only in towns and cities, but also in small villages. People are now very much interested to wear new fashion garments. Media also playing an important role in evaluating the garment industry all over the world. ABOUT GARMENT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (GIDC): To protect the rights of manufacturers and to create a beneficial marketing facility for garments, ‘THE GARMENT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION’ came in to force. The GIDC is a non-profit organization established in 1984 in the city of New York by the garments workers union and the new York skirt and sports wear association to strengthen the worlds garment industry. For the past twenty years, GIDC has evolved in to multi-tiered service organization providing marketing, buyer referrals, training and technical assistance to the manufacturers and workers. GIDC acts as a link between designers labels and high quality producers and it has the following directors: BRUCE RAYNOR -CHAIRMAN STEVEN E-THOMAS-VICE CHAIRMAN EDGAR ROMNEY -SECRETARY TREASURER ETC 1 †¢ 2. USE OF COMPUTERS IN GARMENT INDUSTRY: CAD: Computer aided and designing (CAD) is industry specific design system using computer as a tool. CAD is used to design anything from an aircraft to knitwear. Originally CAD was used in designing high precision machinery. Slowly it is found its way in other industries also. In 1970’s, it made an entry in the garment industry. Most companies in India and abroad have now integrated some form of CAD in to their design and production process. In fact, according to national garment association of US, of 228 garment manufacturers: 65% use CAD to create color ways. 60% use CAD to create printed fabric design. 48% use CAD to create merchandising presentation. 1% use CAD to create knitwear design. KNITTED FABRICS: Some systems specialize in knitwear production and final knitted design can be viewed on screen with indication of all stitch formation. PRINTED FABRICS: The process involves use of computers in design, development and manipulation of motif. The motif can then be resized, recolored, rotated depending on the designers goal. SKETCH PAD SYSTEMS: These are graphic programmes that allow the designer to use pen or stylus on electronic pad or tablet to create free hand images, which are then stored in the computer. TEXTURE MAPPING (OR) 3D DRAPING SOFTWARE: This technology allows visualization of fabric on the body. Texture mapping is a process by which fabric can be draped over a form in a realistic way. 2 †¢ 3. EMBROIDERY SYSTEMS: The designs used for embroidery can be incorporated on the fabric for making garment. For this, special computerized embroidery machines are used. Designers can create their embroidery designs on the computer or can work with scanned images of existing designs. INTERNET AND INFORMATION EXPLOSION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY (NIFT), Calcutta is linked to Internet with TCP/IP account and the students have continuous access to the sites of the top designers, trend forecasting agencies, fashion houses and fabric suppliers. This has helped both the institute and the students immensely keeping them updated with the latest trends. From the above information, it is clear that the computers play an important role in the development of garment industry. GARMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA: The garment industry occupies a unique place in our country. It accounts for 14% of the total industrial production and contributes nearly 20% of the total exports and is the second largest employment generator after agriculture. Garment industry is providing one of the basic needs of people and maintained sustained growth for improving quality of life. Its vast potential for creation of employment opportunities on the agricultural, industrial organized and rural and urban areas, particularly for women. Although the development of garment sector was earlier taking place in terms of general policies. In recognition of its importance of this sector for the first time, a separate policy statement was made in 1985 in regard to development of garment sector. The textile policy of 2000 aims at achieving the target of garment and apparel exports of US $ 50 billion by 2010 of which the share of garment will be US $ 25 billion. The main market for Indian garments are USA, UAE, UK, GERMANY, FRANCE, ITALY, RUSSIA, CANADA, BANGLADESH AND JAPAN. 3 †¢ 4. The main objective of the textile policy 2000 is to provide cloth of acceptable quality at reasonable prices for the vast majority of population of the ountry and to compete with confidence for an increasing share of the global market. From the above it is clear that garment occupies a unique position in our economy contributing to nearly a one third of the country’s earnings. You read "Hrm in Garment Industry" in category "Papers" The industry includes manufacturers, suppliers, whole sellers and exporters of cotton textiles etc. Today handloom and cotton textile exports in India is counted among the most important sector. The garment industry in India is widely named for its superb quality garments. Total textile exports during April-march 1998-99 were rs 52720. 8 crores. Readymade garment exports comprises nearly 40% of the total exports. CURRENT SCENERIO: Developing countries with both textile and clothing capacity may be able to prosper in the new competitive environment after the textile quota regime of quantitative import restrictions under the multi-fiber arrangement (MFA) came in to an end on 1 st January 2005 under the world trade organization (WTO) agreement on textiles and clothing. As a result, the garment industry in developed countries will face huge competition in both their exports and domestic markets. The elimination of quota restriction will open the way for the most competitive developing countries to develop stronger clusters of the garment industry which enable them to handle all stages of the production chain from growing natural fibers to producing finished clothing. The garment industry is undergoing a major reorientation towards non- clothing applications of textiles known as technical textiles which are growing roughly at twice rate textiles for clothing applications and now account for more than half of total textile production. The processes involved in producing technical textile require expensive equipments and skilled workers. 4 †¢ 5. As a result of various initiatives taken by the government, there has been new investment of rs 50000 crore in the garment industry in the last five years. Nine garment majors invested rs 2600 crores and plan to invest another rs 6400 crore. Further, India’s cotton production increased by 57% over the last five years and three million additional spindles. The industry expects investment of rs 1,40,000 crores in this sector in the post MFA phase. A vision 2010 for garments formulated by the government after interaction with the industry and exports promotion councils aims to increase India’s share in the worlds garment from the current 4% to 8% by 2010 vision and plan to increase Indian garment economy from the current US $ 37 billion to $ 85 billion by 2010 and creation of 12 million new jobs in the garment sector. There will be opportunities as well as challenges for the Indian garment industry in the post MFA era. But India has natural advantages, which can be capitalized on strong raw-material base cotton, man made fabrics, jute silk. Further, for the benefit of exporters, there should be a state owned cargo-shipping mechanism. Several initiatives have already been taken by the government to overcome some of these concerns including rationalization. Shri Kamal Nath, union minister of commerce and industry has said that India will take up the issue of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in the world trade organization (WTO) Doha round of multi lateral trade negotiations, which are expected to gather steam from march 2005 onwards. On the eve of republic day, president DR. ABDUL KALAM said that, â€Å"India is presently exporting six billion US dollars worth of garments, where as with the WTO regime in place, we can increase the production and export of garments to 18 to 20 billion US dollars with in the next five years. This will enable generation of employment in general and in rural areas in particular with the help of export of garments. We can add more than 5 million direct jobs and 7 million indirect jobs in the garment sector. Primarily in the cultivation of cotton, efforts are needed in cotton research, technology, 5 †¢ 6. generation, transfer of technology, modernization and upgrading of ginning and pressing factories and growth in marketing strategy†. INDIAN GARMENT EXPORT INDUSTRY: India is a major exporter of garments, fabrics and accessories for the global fashion industry. Indian ethnic designs and materials are an important factor in the plans of fashion houses and garment manufacturers all over the world. Those buttons on the Levis you are wearing could well have been made in India. The welcome decision of phasing out Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) will end the regime of quotas and other rules and regulations made by the Indian governments helps us to create a competitive export garment industry all over the world. For India, the clothing industry has performed quite well in exports. It has been facing most of the quotas every year. As compared to rs 12 crores in 1970-71, exports have reached rs 18000 crores by 1998. The major competitors in this segment of the market are developed countries, Asian tigers like Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing countries like Bangladesh and Mayan mar of china, of course. In order to ensure quality of garment exports, the SSI restriction of the garment exports, the SSI restriction of the garment industry should be removed. Present equity participation of 24% by the foreign partners need to be enhanced and joint ventures with majority shareholdings as well as technical collaborations should be allowed. Labor laws need to be reorganized and the export procedures should be liberalized. LATEST TRENDS (NEWS) IN GARMENT AND TEXTILE SECTOR: 1. India recorded exports of $ 461 million in March 2005, against $ 351 million in March 2004. The increase has continued from February, when textile exports stood at $ 410 million. India has shown a 28% growth for the period January to march 2005 as compared to the same period last year. While china remains the 6 †¢ 7. lead country in terms of textile imports to the US. Countries like Mexico and Canada continue to loose out to India and china. Imports were threatening thousands of US jobs. The us has the power to impose caps of 7. % growth in textile and clothing categories on china under an agreement that the way for Chinas membership in WTO in 2001. 2. Ministry of finance has added 165 new textile products under Duty Drawback Schedule. The new products included wool tops. Cotton yarn, acrylic yarn, various blended fabrics, fishing nets etc. further, the existing entries in the drawback schedule relating to garments have been expanded to create separate entries of garments made u p of (a) cotton 3. (b) Man made fiber blend (c) MMF 4. After the phasing out of quota regime under the Multi Fiber Act (MFA), India can 5. Increase its textile sector becoming $ 100 billion industry by 2010. This will include exports of $ 50 billion. The proposed target would be achieved provided reforms are initiated in textile sector and local manufacturers adopt measures to improve their competitiveness. A 5-pronged strategy aiming to attract foreign direct investment by making reforms in local market. Replacements of existing indirect taxes with a single nation wide VAT. Liberalization of contract norms for textile and garment units. Elimination of restrictions that cause poor operational and organizational performance of manufacturers was suggested. . The union minister shankar sinh vaghela said that the board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) had approved rehabilitation schemes for sick NTC mills at the cost of rs. 3900 crores. Of the 66 mills, 65 mills have been closed after implementing voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) to all employees. The government has already constituted assets, sale commit tees comprising representatives of central and state governments, operative agency, BIFR, NTC and the concerned NTC subsidiary to effect sale of assets through open tender system. †¢ 8. 7. Proposals for modernization of NTC mills have been made to the consultative committee members including formation of a committee of experts to improve management of these mills. Even the present status of jute industry was under the scanner of the consultative committee. 8. The government had announced change from the value-based drawback rate followed to a weight-based structure for textile exports that will discourage raw material exports and also there is a scope for misusing the drawback claims by boosting invoice value of exports. . NCDEX launched its silk contract (raw silk and cotton) on Thursday, January 20, 2005. With this launch, the total number of products offered by NCDEX goes up to 27. The launch of silk contract will offer the entire suite of fibers to the entire value chain ra nging from farmers to textile mills. Government of India jointly with NCDEX has adopted a policy of encouraging future contracts of silk. The ministry of textiles and the central silk board (CSB) had decided to introduce Futures trading in mulberry cocoons and raw silk on NCDEX. Futures trading on the NCDEX will provide an alternative trading avenue for farmers, weavers and traders and help them to make a better price for their product and it will also helps them to reduce risks associated with natural calamities. From this, we can conclude that garment industry is still in developing stage in India. The government is taking a lot of efforts to upgrade the garment industry in India. Rules and regulations on small scale units should be liberalized and export procedures on exports of garments is to be simplified and some grants to be given to those farmers who are dependent on cotton and jute corps. †¢ 9. COMPANY PROFILE This firm was promoted by Late. Shri. Mohan das Kundanmal Mahataney, the founder /promoter of associated apparels Pvt. Ltd, who were the makers of â€Å"LIBERTY† shirts for the domestic market and also license makers of Maidem form, Jockey, Jantzen and Tootal. An illustrious son of an illustrious father, MR. Raju. M. Mahtaney is a commerce graduate from Mumbai University, started his business career way back in 1968 by joining his father’s business of ready-made garment exports. Later, he joined as a partner in K. MOHAN in 1973. He became the managing partner in 1991, and since then his contribution in terms of expertise has boosted the morale of the organization and thus gained to be recognized as a reputed manufacturer in exports of woven garments. In the present context of business scenario, he has been traveling extensively to western countries and further gained rich industrial experience especially in fabric and machine etc. he was a member of the executive committee and also chairman of EDP of apparel export promotion council. He also an active executive member in CIA INDO_AMERICAN chamber of commerce. Ours is a garment manufacturing company fully equipped for exporting the finished products. K. MOHAN CO is situated 10 kms from the center of the beautiful garden city of ban galore. We specialize in the manufacture of high quality of men’s and women’s wear in the woven fabrics category. We predominantly cater to the American market. K. Mohan among the oldest garment export houses in the country, established in the year 1973. K. Mohan co is well equipped to meet any requirements of overseas clients. In other words, we are proud to maintain that we are compliant to all standards set by our clients. Our professional approach towards business makes us very easy to work with, and fosters our business tie-ups and relationships, a very pleasing association. It has locations at seven places in ban galore at Bannerghatta Road, Hulimavu, Begur, Bommanahalli, Hong Sandra, Sing Sandra and Veer Sandra. 9 †¢ 10. K. Mohan co has an impressive product range in the woven garments sector. We are capable of manufacturing quality garments over a wide range of styles, size- ranges and fabrics. Though we have produced a wider range in the past, we are now focused on items such as men’s and women’s pants, shorts, shirts and blouses as well. We are proud to be associated with- The Gap Inc. , Banana Republic, Polo Ralph Lauren, Nike, The Boom Club, Lane Bryant, The Limited Group, Ralph Lauren, Polo Jeans, Kohl’s, Nill Blass, Vetir, Decathlon, Shopko, Jones Apparel group and the like. In every unit, we have a technical person viz. , production manager in charge of the unit associated by factory manager and production co-ordinators. The area group HRD managers also take care of all the issues relating to the workers, including HR activities, welfare, safety etc. here the number of employees exceed the limit prescribed under the factories act. We have a safety officer too. Also we have a lady medical officer visiting the units. We have our own two in-house laundry units at Hulimavu and Sing Sandra with modern machineries, which cater to all our wash requirements. To be candid, we have all facilities to meet the contingencies. We have obtained the necessary consent for both water and air in all our units. Running a bus iness with constraints in infrastructure facilities is a tough task, meeting simultaneously the requirements of the buyers. In the present power crisis, we are also running the generators in all our units, affecting the business profits to a large extent availability of water, yet another concern. With all these constraints around, our managing partner has been effectively managing the business. Labors, though available in the areas, are not skilled. Hence we trained them in our training school and absorb them with an amount of risk of their longevity. It is a family partnership firm registered under the Indian partnership act, 1932. Its corporate office is at begur road, bommanahalli hobli, Bangalore-560075. 0 †¢ 11. All raw materials is checked for quality and quantity and stored in a central warehouse. Inventory handling is fully computerized. The merchandising section and shipping department is well equipped with instant communication systems like EDI. We are working on implementing ERP. The CAD section is again fully equipped with the GGT ACCUMARK REALEASE 7. 62 PATTERN MAKING, GRADING AND MARKI NG SYSTEM. We have automatic plotters (AP- 100) and pattern-cutting (MUTOH-1650) machines. We have a fully integrated CAD/CAS/CAM section at one of our units. It is equipped with state of the art automatic spreading (SYNCHRON 175) and cutting (GT-7250) machinery from Gerber technology inc. , of USA. We possess a 20-head embroidery machine capable of 7-9 colors. Machine is of Baruden make and stitching capacity is 20,00 –25,00 stitches per hour. The production floor is equipped with the latest machinery. Trained and specialized personnel who have lot of experience in the garment production field man it. We have technical experts who help implement the quality standards in our merchandise (like AQL levels). We use accredited testing labs for fabric package testing and garment testing. Our employers are dedicated and work for the company untiringly, sinciourly honesty, diligently, maintaining all the more a high standard of discipline which also contribute as one of the reasons for the growth of the company to this stage. 11 †¢ 12. CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION: JOB SATISFACTION: Job satisfaction is one of the important factors which have drawn attention of managers in the organization as well as academicians. Various studies have been conducted to find out the factors which determine job satisfaction and the way it influences productivity in the organization. Though there is no conclusive evidence that job satisfaction affects productivity directly because productivity depends on so many variables, it is still a prime concern for managers. Job satisfaction is the mental feeling of favorableness which an individual has about his job. DuBrins has defined job satisfaction in terms of pleasure and contentment when he says that: â€Å"Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure or contentment associated with a job. If you like your job intensely, you will experience high job satisfaction. If dislike your job intensely, you will experience job dissatisfaction. DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION : While analyzing the various determinants of job satisfaction, we have to keep in mind that: all individuals do not derive the same degree of satisfaction though they perform the same job in the same job environment and at the same time. Therefore, it appears that besides the nature of job and job environment, there are individual variables which affect j ob satisfaction thus all those factors which provide a fit among individual variables, nature of job, and the situational variables determine the degree of job satisfaction. Let us see what these factors are. 12 †¢ 13. INDIVIDUAL FACTORS: Individuals have certain expectations from their jobs. If there expectations are met from the jobs, they feel satisfied. These expectations are based on an individual’s level of education, age, and other factors. 1. Level of Education: Level of education of an individual is a factor which determines the degree of job satisfaction. For example several studies have found negative correlation between the level of education, particularly higher level of education, and job satisfaction. The possible reason for this phenomenon may be that highly educated persons have very high expectations from their jobs which remain unsatisfied. In their case, Peter’s principle which suggests that every individual tries to reach his level of incompetence, applies more quickly. 2. Age: individuals experience different degree of job satisfaction at different stages of their life. Job satisfaction is high at the initial stage, gets gradually reduced, starts rising up to certain stage, and finally dips to a low degree. The possible reasons for this phenomenon are like this. When an individual joins an organization. He may have some unrealistic assumptions about what they are going to derive from their work. These assumptions make them more satisfied. However, when these assumptions fall short of reality, job satisfaction goes down. It starts rising again as the people start to asses the jobs in right perspective and correct their assumptions. At the last, particularly at the fag end of the career, job satisfaction goes down because of fear of retirement and future outcome. 3. Other Factors: besides the above two factors, there are other individual factors which affect job satisfaction. If an individual does not have favorable social and family life, he may not feel happy at the work place. Similarly other personal problems associated with him may affect his level of job satisfaction. 13 †¢ 14. NATURE OF JOB: Nature of job determines job satisfaction which is in the form of occupation level and job content. 1. Occupational level: Higher level jobs provide more satisfaction as compared to lower levels. This happens because high level jobs carry prestige and status in the society which itself becomes source of satisfaction for the job holders. For example, professionals derive more satisfaction as compared to salaried people; factory workers are least satisfied. 2. Job content: job content refers to the intrinsic value of the job which depends on the requirement of skills for performing it, and the degree of responsibility and growth it offers. A higher content of these factors provides higher satisfaction. For example, a routine and repetitive job provides lesser satisfaction ; the degree of satisfaction progressively increases in job rotation, job enlargement, and job enrichment. Situational variables: Situational variables related to a job satisfaction lie in organizational context- formal and informal. As we shall see in the next part of text, formal organization is created by the management and informal organization emerges out of the interaction of individuals in the organization. Some of the important factors which affect job satisfaction are given below. 1. Working conditions: working conditions, particularly physical work environment, like conditions of workplace and associated facilities for performing the job determine job satisfaction. These work in two ways. First, these provide means for job performance. Second, provision of these conditions affect the individuals perception about the organization. If these factors are favorable, individuals experience higher level of job satisfaction. 14 †¢ 15. 2. Supervision: The type of supervision affects job satisfaction as in each type of supervision; the degree of importance attached to individuals varies. In employee- oriented supervision, there is more concern for people which is perceived favorably by them and provides them more satisfaction. In job-oriented supervision, there is more emphasis on the performance of the job and people become secondary. This situation decreases job satisfaction. 3. Equitable Rewards: The type of linkage that is provided between job performance and rewards determines the degree of job satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on the job performance and equitable, it offers higher satisfaction. If the reward is perceived to be based on considerations other than the job performance, it affects job satisfaction adversely. 4. Opportunity for Promotion: It is true that individuals seek satisfaction in their jobs in the context of job nature and work environment but they also attach importance to the opportunities for promotion that these jobs offer. If the present job offers opportunity of promotion in future, it provides more satisfaction. If the opportunity for such promotion is lacking, it reduces satisfaction. 5. Work Group: Individuals work in group either created formally or they develop on their own to seek emotional satisfaction at the workplace. To the extent, such groups are cohesive; the degree of satisfaction is high. If the group satisfaction out of their interpersonal interaction and workplace becomes satisfying leading to job satisfaction. Effect of Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction has a variety of effects. These effects may be seen in the context of an individuals physical and mental health, productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. Physical and Mental Health: The degree of job satisfaction affects an individuals physical and mental health. Since job satisfaction is a type of mental feeling, its favorableness or unfavourableness 15 †¢ 16. affects the individual psychologically which ultimately affects his physical health. For example Lawler has pointed out that drug abuse, alcoholism, and mental and physical health result from psychologically harmful jobs. Further, since a job is and important part of life, job satisfaction influences general life satisfaction. The result is that there is spillover effect which occurs in both directions between job and life satisfaction. Productivity: There are two views about the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity: 1. A happy worker is a productive worker. 2. A happy worker is not necessarily a productive worker. The first view establishes a direct cause-effect relationship between job satisfaction and productivity; when job satisfaction increases, productivity increases; when job satisfaction decreases, productivity decreases. The basic logic behind this is that a happy worker will put more efforts for job performance. However, this may not be true in all cases. For example, a worker having low expectations from his job may feel satisfied but he may not put his efforts more vigorously because of his low expectations from the job. Therefore, this view does not explain fully the complex relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. The another view: that is a satisfied worker is not necessarily a productive worker explains the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. Various research studies also support this view. This relationship may be explained in terms of the operation and organizational expectations from individuals for job performance. 1. Job performance leads to job satisfaction and not the other way round. The basic factor for this phenomenon is the rewards (a source of satisfaction) attached with performance. There are two types of rewards-intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic reward stems from the job itself which may be in the form of growth potential, challenging job, etc. the satisfaction on such a type of reward may help to increase productivity. The extrinsic reward is subject to control by management such as salary, bonus, etc. any increase in these factors does not help to increase productivity though these factors increase job satisfaction. 16 †¢ 17. 2. A happy worker does not necessarily contribute to higher productivity because he has to operate under certain technological constraints and, therefore, he cannot go beyond certain output. Further, this constraint affects the managements expectations from the individual in the form of lower output. Thus, the work situation is pegged to minimally acceptable level of performance. However, it does not mean that the job satisfaction has no impact on productivity. A satisfied worker may not necessarily lead to increased productivity but a dissatisfied worker leads to lower productivity. Absenteeism: Absenteeism refers to the frequency of absence of a job holder from the workplace either unexcused absence due to some avoidable reasons or long absence due to some unavoidable reasons. It is the former type of absence which is a matter of concern. This absence is due to lack satisfaction from the job which produces a ‘lack of will to work’ and alienate a worker from work as far as possible. Thus, Job satisfaction is related to absenteeism. Employee Turnover: Turnover of employees is the rate at which employees leave the organization within a given period of time. As discussed earlier in this chapter under defense mechanism, when an individual feels dissatisfaction in the organization, he tries to overcome this through the various ways of defense mechanism. If he is not able to do so, he opts to leave the organization. Thus, in general case, employee turnover is related to job satisfaction. However, job satisfaction is not the only cause of employee turnover, the other cause being better opportunity elsewhere. For example, in the present context, the rate of turnover of computer software professionals is very high in India. However, these professionals leave their organizations not simply because they are not satisfied but because of the opportunities offered from other sources particularly from foreign companies located abroad. 17 †¢ 18. Improving Job Satisfaction: Job satisfaction plays significant role in the organization. Therefore, managers should take concrete steps to improve the level of job satisfaction. These steps may be in the form of job redesigning to make the job more interesting and challenging, improving quality of work life, linking rewards with performance, and improving overall organizational climate. As part of a larger project whose goal was to create an employee-driven, survey- improvement process six factors that influenced job satisfaction. When these six factors were high, job satisfaction was high. When the six factors were low, job satisfaction was low. These factors are similar to what we have found in other organizations. 18 †¢ 19. 19 †¢ 20. Opportunity: Employees are more satisfied when they have challenging opportunities at work. This includes chances to participate in interesting projects, jobs with a satisfying degree of challenge and opportunities for increased responsibility. Important: this is not simply â€Å"promotional opportunity. † As organizations have become flatter, Promotions can be rare. People have found challenge through projects; team Leadership, special assignments-as well as promotions. Actions: †¢ Promote from within when possible. †¢ Reward promising employees with roles on interesting projects. †¢ Divide jobs into levels of increasing leadership and responsibility. It may be possible to create job titles that demonstrate increasing levels of expertise, which are not limited by availability of positions. They simply demonstrate achievement Stress. When negative stress is continuously high, job satisfaction is low. Jobs are more stressful if they interfere with employees’ personal lives or are a continuing source of worry or concern. Actions: †¢ Promote a balance of work and personal lives. Make sure that senior managers model this behavior. †¢ Distribute work evenly (fairly) within work teams. †¢ Review work procedures to remove unnecessary â€Å"red tape† or bureaucracy. †¢ Manage the number of interruptions employees have to endure while trying to do their jobs. †¢ Some organizations utilize exercise or â€Å"fun† breaks at work. 20 †¢ 21. Leadership. Employees are more satisfied when their managers are good leaders. This includes motivating employees to do a good job, striving for excellence or just taking action. Actions: †¢ Make sure your managers are well trained. Leadership combines attitudes and behavior. It can be learned. People respond to managers that they can trust and who inspire them to achieve meaningful goals. Work Standards. Employees are more satisfied when their entire workgroup takes pride in the quality of its work. Actions: †¢ Encourage communication between employees and customers. Quality gains i mportance when employees see its impact on customers. †¢ Develop meaningful measures of quality. Celebrate achievements in quality. Trap: be cautious of slick, â€Å"packaged† campaigns that are perceived as superficial and patronizing. Fair Rewards. Employees are more satisfied when they feel they are rewarded fairly for the work they do. Consider employee responsibilities, the effort they have put forth, the work they have done well and the demands of their jobs. 21 †¢ 22. Actions: †¢ Make sure rewards are for genuine contributions to the organization. †¢ Be consistent in your reward policies. †¢ If your wages are competitive, make sure employees know this. †¢ Rewards can include a variety of benefits and perks other than money. As an added benefit, employees who are rewarded fairly, experience less stress. Adequate Authority. Employees are more satisfied when they have adequate freedom and authority to do their jobs. Actions: When reasonable: †¢ Let employees make decisions. †¢ Allow employees to have input on decisions that will affect them. †¢ Establish work goals but let employees determine how they will achieve those goals. Later reviews may identify innovative â€Å"best practices. † †¢ Ask, â€Å"If there were just one or two decisions that you could make, which ones would make the biggest difference in your job? † Employees with higher job satisfaction: †¢ Believe that the organization will be satisfying in the long run †¢ Care about the quality of their work †¢ Are more committed to the organization †¢ Have higher retention rates, and †¢ Are more productive. 2 †¢ 23. Recognition. Individuals at all levels of the organization want to be recognized for their achievements on the job. Their successes don’t have to be monumental before they deserve recognition, but your praise should be sincere. If you notice employees doin g something well, take the time to acknowledge their good work immediately. Publicly thank them for handling a situation particularly well. Write them a kind note of praise. Or give them a bonus, if appropriate. You may even want to establish a formal recognition program, such as â€Å"employee of the month. † Advancement. Reward loyalty and performance with advancement. If you do not have an open position to which to promote a valuable employee, consider giving him or her a new title that reflects the level of work, he or she has achieved. When feasible, support employees by allowing them to pursue further education, which will make them more valuable to your practice and more fulfilled professionally. †¢ Job satisfaction is good not only for employees but employers, too; it increases productivity and decreases staff turnover. †¢ An organization’s policies, if unclear or unfair, can stand in the way of employee satisfaction. Employees need a reasonable amount of social interaction on the job. †¢ Employees also need some degree of personal space, which diffuses tension and improves working conditions. †¢ To begin motivating employees, help them believe that their work is meaningful. †¢ To help employees achieve on the job, provide them with ongoing feedback and adequate challenge †¢ When your employees do good work, recognize them for it immediately. †¢ To increase an employee’s sense of responsibility, do not simply give them more work; give them freedom and authority as well. You can help employees advance in their professional lives by promoting them, when appropriate, or encouraging continuing education. 23 †¢ 24. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A STYDY ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION: Employee satisfaction and retention have always been important issues for physicians. After all, high levels of absenteeism and staff turnover can affect your bottom line, as temps, recruitment and retraining take their toll. But few practices (in fact, few organizations) have made job satisfaction a top priority, perhaps because they have failed to understand the significant pportunity that lies in front of them. Satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative and committed to their employers, and recent studies have shown a direct correlati on between staff satisfaction and patient Satisfaction. 1 Family physicians who can create work environments that attract, motivate and retain hard-working individuals will be better positioned to succeed in a competitive health care environment that demands quality and cost-efficiency. What’s more, physicians may even discover that by creating a positive workplace for their employees, They’ve increased their own job satisfaction as well. 4 †¢ 25. OBJECTIVES: 1. To know the satisfaction level towards the behaviors of peers and superiors. 2. To study the level of satisfaction towards his salary and also other benefits which are provided by the company? 3. To study the ESI facilities and safety measures which are provided by the company? 4. To suggest the company about the measures to be taken for more employee satisfaction. 25 †¢ 26. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY The research design used for the study is the descriptive research design. In this design struct ural information is used to gather information. METHODOLOGY: SAMPLING METHOD: The two major methods are probability and non-probability sampling technique. The study requires probability method since the sample was chosen or random. Hence the study was dealt with sample random tool, which is one of the most popular method sampling. SOURCES OF DATA: PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION: Primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character, questions and interviews methods were accede to collect primary data by visiting the factory premises and various departments in it. It was collected from the employees working in the factory. By using both the questionnaire method and interview method. I would gather information from the employees who was not willing or who did not have time for or who was shy about it. SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION: It is collected from the internal records of the company such as library records, trade journals, various manuals of the company, various training programs previously conducted and it’s responds etc; It is also conducted from the officials of the pursued department in the factory. Secondary data provides a better view 26 †¢ 27. of the problem study many magazines, tools and other references were also mean important in this study. TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION: SURVEY METHOD: The most widely used technique of gathering primary data is the survey method. The sources interviewed personally at the place of work and also with questionnaires. It is a direct and more flexible form of investigation involving face- to- face communication and through recorded questionnaires filled in personally. The information is qualitative, quantitative and accurate. The rate of refusal is low; it offers a sense of participation to the respondents. It usually leads to broader range of data than observation on experimentation methods. The data collected is tabulated and interpreted to draw conclusion. FIELD WORK: It is an important method of data collection. The questionnaire is used for interviewing the respondents. Additional questions (Personal interviews) can be used to secure more information. The respondents are interviewed in the factory. SAMPLE DESIGN FOR THE STUDY: SAMPLING METHOD: Stratified sampling method. SAMPLE SIZE : 100(Consists of Production, Finance, Human Resource, Systems, Marketing, Quality) SAMPLE UNIT : Employees of K. MOHAN CO (Exports) Pvt. Ltd 27 †¢ 28. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 1. TABLE SHOWING PERSONALITY OF THE RESPONDENTS TABLE: 1 S. NO. RESPONSE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Male 56 47 2 Female 64 53 Total 120 100 INFERENCE: From the above table, the analysis shows that, 46. 7 % of the respondents are male and the remaining 53. 3 % are female. The total respondents are 120 members. 28 †¢ 29. GRAPH:1 From the above table the chart is as follows. RESPONDENT GENDER 54 53 52 PERCENTAGES 51 50 49 PERCENTAGE 48 47 46 45 44 Male Female GENDERS 29 †¢ 30. 2. EDUCATION OF THE EMPLOYEE TABLE: 2 S. NO. QUALIFICATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Post graduate 12 10 2 Diploma/degree 26 22 3 SSLC/PUC/ITI 36 30 4 Less than SSLC 46 38 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The interpretation of the above table is,10% of the respondents are post graduates,21. 7 % are diploma/degree holders,30 % are belonged to SSLC/PUC/ITI,38. 3 % are having their qualification as less than SSLC. 30 †¢ 31. GRAPH:2 The graph showing the different percentages of education of the employees. EDUCATION OF THE EMPLOYEES 50 PERCENTAGE 40 30 Series1 20 10 0 ee e LC I /IT at gr SS du C de U ra an /P a/ tg LC m th s lo Po ss SS ip Le D QUALIFICATION 31 †¢ 32. 3. BELONGING CATEGORY TABLE: 3 S. NO. CATEGORY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Staff 28 23 2 Employee 92 77 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the category of human resources i. e. staff and employees . This can be concluded as 23. 3 % recorded as staff members and remaining 76. 6 % are recorded as mployees in K MOHAN CO (EXPORTS) GARMENTS. 32 †¢ 33. GRAPH:3 The graph showing the category of employees. EMPLOYEE CATEGORY 90 80 PERCENTAGES 70 60 50 PERCENTAGES 40 30 20 10 0 Staff Employee CATEGORY 33 †¢ 34. 4. BASIC SALARY OF THE EMPLOYEE TABLE: 4 S. NO. BASIC SALARY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Below 5,000 82 68 2 5,000 to 15,000 16 13 3 15,000 to 30,000 18 15 4 Above 30,000 4 4 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the respondent’s basic salary. 63. 3 % respondents getting below 5,000 as their basic salary, 13. are falling in between 5,000 to 15,000, 15 % comes under 15,000 to 30,000 and the remaining 3. 4 are getting above 30,000 as their basic salaries. This can be concluded that most of the respondents are getting below 5,000 as basic salary. 34 †¢ 35. GRAPH:4 The graph showing the basic salaries of the employees. CHART SHOWING THEBASIC SALARYOF THE RESPONDENTS 80 70 60 PERCENTAGES 50 40 PERCENTAGES 30 20 10 0 Below 5,000 to 15,000 Above 5,000 15,000 to 30,000 30,000 BASIC SALARIES 35 †¢ 36. 5. WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ORGANISATION TABLE: 5 S. NO. WORK EXPERIENCE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Below one year 24 20 2 More than one year 32 27 3 More than three years 48 40 4 More than five years 16 13 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the work experience of the employees is recorded as 20 % belonging to below one year, 26. 7 % belonging to more than one year, only 13. 3 % belonging to more than 5 years and finally 40 % of employees belonging to more than three years. 36 †¢ 37. GRAPH: 5 The chart showing the work experience of the Employees in the organization. WORK EXPERIENCE IN THIS ORGANISATION More than five years EXPERIENCE More than three years PERCENTAGES More than one year Below one year 0 20 40 60 PERCENTAGES 37 †¢ 38. 6. SATISFACTION TOWARDS PICK AND DROP FACILITY TABLE: 6 S. NO. PICK DROP NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE 1 Satisfied 52 43 2 Not satisfied 68 57 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion of Pick Drop facility provided in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 43. 3% of employees are satisfied and remaining 56. 7% are not satisfied. 8 †¢ 39. GRAPH:6 The chart showing the satisfaction level on Pick and Drop facility. SATISFACTION TOWARDS PICK DROP Satisfied Not 43% satisfied 57% 39 †¢ 40. 7. SATISFACTION LEVEL TOWARDS FREE CANTEEN TABLE: 7 S. NO. FREE CANTEEN NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 102 85 2 Not Satisfied 18 15 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion on Free Canteen facility provide d in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 85% of employees are satisfied and remaining 15% are not satisfied. 40 †¢ 41. GRAPH:7 The chart showing the opinion on Free Canteen facility provided by the organization. SATISFACTION TOWARDS FREE CANTEEN Not Satisfied 15% Satisfied 85% 41 †¢ 42. 8. SATISFACTION WITH PEERS AND SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS: TABLE: 8 S. NO. PEERS SUPERIORS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES BEHAVIOURS 1 Satisfied 96 80 2 Not Satisfied 24 20 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the coordination between the Peers and Superiors in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 80% of employees are satisfied and remaining 20% are not satisfied. 42 †¢ 43. GRAPH:8 The Graph showing the satisfaction level on Peers and Superiors in the organization. TOWARDS PEERS AND SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS 90 80 PERCENTAGES 70 60 50 Series1 40 30 20 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied SATISFACTION TOWARDS PEERS SUPERIORS BEHAVIOURS 43 †¢ 44. 9. THE TABLE SHOWING THE BONUS ALLOWANCES FROM THE COMPANY TABLE: 9 S. NO. BONUS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 In six months 4 3 2 In a year 110 92 3 More than one year 2 2 4 No bonus 4 3 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the procedure of issuing the bonus allowance in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 3. 3% of the employees getting their bonus once in six months, 91. 7% employees in a year, 1. 7% getting in more than one year and 3. 3% are not getting bonus over the study period. 44 †¢ 45. GRAPH:9 The graph showing the issuing procedure of bonus allowances. BONUS ALLOWANCES FROM THE COMPANY No bonus 3% More than In six one year months 2% 3% In a year 92% 45 †¢ 46. 10. THE TABLE SHOWING THE REASON FOR GETTING OF BONUS. TABLE: 10 S. NO. BONUS BEEN ANNOUNCED NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 On employee working 16 13 performance 2 On companies profitability 104 87 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the reason for getting of bonus in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 13. 3% of employees are getting bonus because of working performance and remaining 86. 7% depends on companies profitability. 46 †¢ 47. GRAPH:10 The graph showing the reason for issuing of bonus in the company. ON BONUS SCHEMES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY 90 80 70 60 PERCENTA 50 GES 40 30 20 Series1 10 0 On employee On orking companies performance profitability ON DIFFERENT VARIABLES 47 †¢ 48. 11. SATISFACTION TOWARD LOANS AND ADVANCES ISSUED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 11 S. NO. LOANS ADVANCES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 48 40 2 No 35 29 3 Not know 37 31 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that the opinion on issuing of loans and advances in K MOHAN CO(EXPO RTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 40% respondents were eligible for loans, 29. 2% were not eligible for loans and remaining 30. 8% respondents don’t know about, that they were eligible or not. 48 †¢ 49. GRAPH:11 The graph showing the eligibility for loans and advances. SATISFACTION TOWARDS LOANS AND ADVANCES Not know SATISFACTION OF LOANS AND ADVANCES No Series1 Yes 0 10 20 30 40 PERCENTAGES 49 †¢ 50. 12. RESPONSE TOWARDS INCREMENTATION OF EMPLOYEE’S SALARIES TABLE: 12 S. NO. SALARY IS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Incrementing 106 88 2 Not Incrementing 14 12 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, there is any incrementing in their salaries or not in K MOHAN CO(EXPORTS) GARMENTS. This can be recorded as 88. 3% of employees had incrementing in their salaries and remaining 11. % had no any incrementing in their salaries. 50 †¢ 51. GRAPH:12 The graph showing the respondents opinion on Incrementation of their salaries TOWARDS SALARY INCREMENTATION 100 PERCENTAGES 80 60 Series1 40 20 0 g g tin tin en en em em cr cr In In ot N RESPONSE 51 †¢ 52. 13. RESPONSE TOWARDS COMPANIES PROFITABILITY DURING LAST 5 YEARS TABLE: 13 S. NO. CO MPANIES PROFITS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Incrementing 98 82 2 Decrementing 22 18 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 81. 7 % of the respondents said that companies profitability is increasing from the last five years, and the remaining 18. respondents says that it is decreasing.. 52 †¢ 53. GRAPH:13 The graph showing the respondents opinion on company’s profitability from the last 5 years. TOWARDS COMPANIES PROFITABILITY 90 80 70 PERCENTAGES 60 50 Series1 40 30 20 10 0 Incrementing Decrementing COMPANIES PROFITS FROM THE RESPONDENTS THOUGHTS 53 †¢ 54. 14. REGARDING THE FOOD PROVIDED BY THE CANTEEN TABLE: 14 S. NO. FOOD NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Bad 15 13 2 Not Bad 45 37 3 Good 50 42 4 Very Good 10 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, the food provided in the canteen . 12. 2 % respondents feel that the food is bad. 7. 5% said that the food is not bad,41. 7% response is that the f ood is good, and the remaining 8. 3 % says that the food is very good. 54 †¢ 55. GRAPH:14 The graph showing the opinion on the food provided by the canteen. REGARDING CANTEEN FOOD 45 40 PERCENTAGES 35 30 25 20 PERCENTAGES 15 10 5 0 Bad Not Good Very Bad Good FOOD TOWARDS RESPONDENT’S OPENION 55 †¢ 56. 15. A TABLE SHOWING SATISFACTION LEVEL OF HIS JOB TIMINGS TABLE: 15 S. NO. JOB TIMINGS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 92 77 2 Not Satisfied 28 23 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 76. % respondents feel their job timings are satisfied and 23. 3 % respondents are not satisfied with their job timings. 56 †¢ 57. GRAPH:15 The graph showing the satisfaction towards job timings. SATISFACTION TOWARDS JOB TIMINGS Not Satisfied 23% Satisfied 77% 57 †¢ 58. 16. REGARDING ESI FACILITIES WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 16 S. NO. RESPONSE ON ESI NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 34 42 2 No 46 58 TOTAL 80 100 INF ERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, the ESI facility provided by the company. 2% says that they are utilizing ESI facility and the remaining 58 % were not utilizing. 58 †¢ 59. GRAPH: 16 The graph showing the utilization of ESI facilities by the employees. REGARDING ESI FACILITIES Yes 42% No 58% 59 †¢ 60. 17. RESPONSE TOWARD SAFETY MEASURES, WHICH ARE PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY TABLE: 17 S. NO. SAFETY MEASURES NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Yes 110 92 2 No 10 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 91. 7 % employees said that the company is provided safety measures, and the remaining 8. % said that there is no safety measures. 60 †¢ 61. GRAPH:17 The graph showing the respondents opinion on safety measures. RESPONSE TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES 100 80 PERCENTAGES 60 PERCENTAGES 40 20 0 Yes No RESPONDENTS 61 †¢ 62. 18. RESPONSE OF EMPLOYEE TOWARDS HIS JOB APPROACH TABLE: 18 S. NO. GOT JOB NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE S 1 Recommendation 28 23 2 Skill 92 77 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 23. 3 % respondents are getting their jobs by recommendation, and the remaining 76. % depends on their skill. 62 †¢ 63. GRAPH:18 Response towards his job approach. TOWARDS HIS JOB APPROACH Recommendation Skill 63 †¢ 64. 19. RESPONDENTS SATISFACTION LEVEL OF COMPANIES INFRASTRUCTURE TABLE: 19 S. NO. COMPANIES INFRACTURE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 68 57 2 Not Satisfied 52 43 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 56. 7% respondents were satisfied with the company’s infrastructure, and the remaining 43. 3 % respondents were not satisfied 64 †¢ 65. GRAPH: 19 The graph showing the satisfaction towards company’s infrastructure COMPANIES INFRASTRUCTURE 60 50 40 PERCENTA 30 GES 20 PERCENTAGES 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied RESPONDENTS VIEW 65 †¢ 66. 20. SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEE TOWARDS HIS SALARY TABLE: 20 S. NO. SALARY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Satisfied 78 65 2 Not Satisfied 42 35 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The data provided in the above table shows that, 65 % respondents are satisfied with their salary and the remaining 35 % were not satisfied with their salaries. GRAPH:20 66 †¢ 67. The graph showing the satisfaction level of salaries RESPONDENTS SALARY SATISFACTION 70 60 50 PERCENTA 40 GES 30 20 PERCENTAGES 10 0 Satisfied Not Satisfied RESPONDENTS VIEW 67 †¢ 68. 21. TOWARDS JOB SATISFACTION TABLE: 21 S. NO JOB SATISFACTION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGES 1 Up to 25 % 16 13 2 25%to50% 31 26 3 50%to75% 64 53 4 Up to 100% 9 8 TOTAL 120 100 INFERENCE: The analysis of the above table shows that, 13. 3 % respondents are having job satisfaction up to 25 %. , 25. 8 % respondents are being in between 25-50% job satisfaction. under 50-75% there is a 53. 4 % of respondents and finally 7. 5 percentage of respondents are having job satisfaction up to 100 %. 68 †¢ 69. GRAPH:21 The graph showing the satisfaction on their jobs in the organization. RESPONDENTS JOB SATISFACTION CHART 60 50 PERCENTAGES 40 NO OF 30 RESPONDENTS 20 10 0 0% % 0% 5% 25 10 5 7 to to to to % % p 25 50 p U U SATISFACTION 69 †¢ 70. FINDINGS 1. Majority of the respondents are having the experi ence in between 1-3 years and poor percentage of employees are having above 5 years experience in this organization. . In my study, poor percentage of employees are of PG holders and the remaining majority people are having less than SSLC as their educational qualifications. 3. Majority of the employees are female and most of the respondents belonging to employee category than staff. 4. Most of the employees are getting basic salaries below 5,000 and a minor part of the employees getting their basic as above 30,000. 5. Employee attitude is positive towards canteen facilities, large number of employees is agreed that it is good and a few numbers response is towards poor. . Employee response is negative towards pick drop facility, which is provided by the company. Only one shift of employees are benefited with pick drop and the remaining two shifts were not having bus facility. 7. 92% of the respondents are satisfied with the safety measures which are provided by the company and the remaining 8 % said that they were not satisfied. 8. More than 58% of the workers are not aware of ESI benefits and minor part of the workers felt that ESI benefits are good. 9. Most of the respondent’s attitude is bonus will be announced on the company’s profitability and it had been announced once in a year. 10. Majority (80%) of the employees satisfied with the peers and superiors behaviors and 20 % of the respondents were not satisfied. 70 †¢ 71. 11. 40% of the employees were well known about the loans and advances issued by the company and they were utilizing them, 29% are not utilizing them and the remaining 31% were not know about the loans and advances in the organization. 12. 5% of the respondents in the organization are satisfied with their salaries and the remaining 35% were not satisfied with the salaries. 13. In my study, 57% of respondent’s attitude is positive in the case of company’s infrastructure and the remaining 43 % respondents attitude is negative. 14. Majority of the respondents job satisfaction falling in between 50%-75% and a minor part of the respondent’s job satisfaction is up to 100%. SUGGES TIONS 71 †¢ 72. LIMITATIONS LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. Some of the information given by the respondents may not be accurate. 2. Time period to be the major limitation. 3. Due to lack of time, the study is confined only to the few employees. 4. The area of study is limited to K. MOHAN CO (Exports) Pvt Ltd only. 72 †¢ 73. 5. The questions that we asked being personal, some of workmen hesitated to answer some questions like their salary details and the relation with their superiors. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION TOWARDS K MOHAN CO (EXPORTS) GARMENTS, B’LORE. QUESTIONNAIRE PART: A 73 †¢ 74. 1. Name of the Respondent: 2. Age: 3. Sex: (Male / Female) 4. Educational Qualification: 1. Post Graduate: 2. Diploma / Degree Holder: 3. SSLC / PUC / ITI: 4. Less than SSLC: 5. Belonging Category: 1. Staff ( ) 2. Employee ( ) 6. Department: 7. Basic Salary:[ ] A)Below 5,000 B)5,000-15,000 C)15,000-30,000 D) Above 30,000 PART: B 74 †¢ 75. 8. Since how long you are working in this Organization? 1. Below one year 2. More than one year 3. More than three years 4. More than five years 9. Is the company provided the following facilities to you like? 1. Pick and Drop (Y/N) 2. Free Canteen (Y/N) 3. Quarters (Y/N) 10. Are you satisfied with your pears superiors behavior? 1. Is company allowing bonus 1. In six months 2. In a year 3. More than one year 4. No bonus 12. Are bonus been announced 1. Based on employees working performance 2. Based on companies profitability 13. Are you satisfied with the loans and advances issued by the company? 14. Is the company incrementing salary for its workers? 15. What is company’s profitability during last five years? 1. Increasing 2. Deceasing 75 †¢ 76. 16. Are the food provided by the company is a. Bad b. Not bad c. Good d. Very Good 17. Are you satisfied with job timings (Y/ N)? 8. Is any ESI facility provided by the company (Y / N)? 19. Are you satisfied with the pick drop facility provided by the company? 20. Is there any safety measures for the labour who are working with huge machineries (Y / N)? 21. You got job by a. By Recommendation b. By skill 22. Reason for joining in this company? 23. Any Reason for quitting the company? 24. Are you satisfied with the company infrastructure? 25. Are you satisfied with your salary? 26. Your job satisfaction is up to a. Up to 25% b. 25% to 50% 3. 50% to 75% 4. Up to 100% SIGNATURE 76 How to cite Hrm in Garment Industry, Papers

The Evolution Of Hip Hop Essay Example For Students

The Evolution Of Hip Hop Essay When you hear the phrase Hip-Hop, music, dancing, rapping often come to mind. Well, its all of that and more Hip-Hop is a culture. According to Websters dictionary, culture is defined as the concepts, habits, skills, arts, instruments, institutions, etc. of a given people in a given period; civilization. One artist defined Hip-Hop as a set of expressions in vocalization, instrumentation, dancing and the visual arts. More specifically, hip hop is a combination of graffiti, break dancing, djing and mcing (also known as rapping), that creates a lifestyle with its own language, style of dress, music and mind set thats continuously evolving. Most of these art forms originated in New York City. Major credit is given to a man named DJ Kool Herc who along with others started the Hip-Hop culture in the south Bronx. Herc moved from Jamaica to the West Bronx area of New York. Hercs initial style incorporated a lot of Jamaican style, but New Yorkers were not into reggae yet. He then adapted his style by chanting over the instrumental portion of the songs. We will write a custom essay on The Evolution Of Hip Hop specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Herc was then credited for developing a style of Djing that emphasized rhythm and sound. After DJ Kool Herc began rapping the other forms of the culture began to show. For example, art has been drawn on walls since the beginning of time, but a new type of graffiti wall art came of the hip hop culture in the late 1960s and early 1970s (when Hip-Hop was thought to have begun). Although teenagers were scribbling their names on walls, signs and other places since the 1950s, more and more kids began to write after a young messenger literally made his mark on society in the early 70s. TAKI put his name everywhere he went, and on every surface he could find. New York Citys subway walls and ten car trains started to become the perfect place for kids to get their name known all over the city. This graffiti became famous to the rest of the world in the late 1970s. The subway movement ended in the late 1980s, when the MCA began what is know as the clean car movement. Basically this was a policy of cleaning all train cars before they were put into service. This meant that no tagged car would ever go out. Without the opportunity to be recognized people lost interest in train cars. Graffiti was typically done by the young and oppressed youth from various ethnic backgrounds as a way of self-expression and release of creativity. Graffiti is a highly individualized style, which is name oriented and personal, and since its a way of artistic expression. The most basic form of graffiti is tagging, which is just writing a word or nickname in some form of fancy lettering, often a variation of script or calligraphy. Beyond that, there are many different styles that vary from writer to writer. Break dancing is another element that makes up the culture of Hip-Hop. This form of dancing emerged in the 1970s.. More or less any song can be broken down to a basic repeated pattern. By repeating this pattern, DJs could create a beat that was ideal to dance over. This is called a breakbeat. Because it is performed over a breakbeat the cause for the name break dancing should be obvious. Break dancing is very different from other kinds of dancing as it is performed on the street, while wearing a pair of sneakers and on a piece of cardboard. It is a form of expression by which one dancer makes a move, and then another dancer understands that body language and does a move in response. This dance form became as highly personalized and sampled as graffiti; especially as speed and determination was the goal. The kids and those in street gangs in the South Bronx are the ones who began utilizing this dance before most others. The youths in street gangs were known to have done their battling this way: competing through this dance instead of fighting. These competitions came to be known as breaking battles. Some of the characteristics of this type of dance include head spinning, back spinning and complicated leg moves at a very fast rate of speed. .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .postImageUrl , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:hover , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:visited , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:active { border:0!important; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:active , .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3 .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5835a03ad41e9868394bc75cb3e130f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Two main types of customer in the travel and tourism industry EssayFrom here, break dancing groups (or crews as they were often called) were formed. These groups would practice and perform together. Since many of the youths didnt have anything else to do, they would practice for hours on end developing routines to perform, and sometimes performing in front of audiences. Break dancing and graffiti have the lowest profit potential of any element of Hip-Hop, and therefore, in my opinion are the most pure forms of hip hop. Those who write or break dance do it not for any money, but just to do something they love. Another element of the Hip-Hop culture is Djing. Djing is defined as the art of blending, scratching, and making music by working with prerecorded (usually records) and making some thing new. Djing came into play around the same time as break dancing. At this time rappers started coming into the picture. As this happened, there became a need to produce a more repetitive, beat-oriented background that people could rap over. With the need for more beats, DJ Kool Herc was the first to DJ with two turntables It didnt take long for the DJ to become an important factor in the growth of Hip-Hop. DJs are looked upon to keep the crowd partying throughout the night and on the dance floor. The art of scratching is like a miracle. A DJ can grab any recorded sound and manipulate it to say whatever they want it to say. DJs brought into play a new musical instrument the turntable. Mcing (rapping) is a very large element of Hip-Hop (if not the largest). Rap was separated from the DJ and the rappers started to create lyrics that would impress crowds of people. But they still work together to create a fresh product that the hip hop community will want to listen to. In the beginning there were no records and Mcing was just done for fun. Rap is said to have many origins and can be traced back to old Negro spirituals, Blues, and jazz. Rap is a modern form and story telling, and continues to be a part of the cultural movement. It relates the hardships, problems and triumphs of urban Americans and all people in this country. Although rap has become a worldwide and culture wide form, the core of rap is still based in urban America. More specifically, rap music is a cultural expression that gives voices to those who in the past were unheard. From the very beginning, rap music has put in words the pleasures and problems of urban life in todays America. In general, rappers tend to rap about how to avoid gang pressures and still earn local respect, how to deal with the loss of several friends to gunfights and drug overdoses, and tell elaborate, and sometimes violent tales. All though there are some who feel that rap music is to angry, or promotes violence, it must be realized that quite often these songs are in reality heartfelt stories about the life of those telling the story . As time moves on, rap music continued to flourish the most within the Hip-Hop culture. It is known for bringing together a tangle of some of the most complex social, and political issues in todays American society. Rap initially caught on because of the fact that it offered young urban New Yorkers a chance to freely express themselves and it was accessible to anyone who wanted to do it. They now had a chance to tell their life stories in a way that people were not used to hearing. With rap, as well as graffiti, and break dancing, you didnt have to invest in any type of lessons or any other training. .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .postImageUrl , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:hover , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:visited , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:active { border:0!important; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:active , .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559 .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua714a6ccef9f93e65f32be6fff230559:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Census 2000 EssayRapping, in essence, is a verbal skill. Rap also offered unlimited challenges as there were no real set of rules other than it had to be original and the rhyme was to the beat of the music. Another aspect that made it so attractive was that rap could be about any and/or everything. Because there were no rules to rapping, the personality of whoever was rapping came through in the music. As Rapping grew within the urban ghettos, artists started to evolve and record rap. From this, the music industry took hold and commercialized it as the record labels saw its money making potential . Because of this there are many who feel that rap is no longer the great cultural voice that it once was. Now that mainstream America has become used to the idea that this music that was once confined to the urban sections of our country, is now a part of everyday life, it has become easier to exploit it and make a profit off of it. The original intent of the cultural movement has been put on the back burner in many cases so that record companies, often quite ignorant to the social significance of the music, can make a profit. Because rap has evolved into such a large industry, it gives the illusion of being a quick escape from the harshness of inner city life. Rapping is very hard work as well as time consuming. It can not be done by just any one. Not long after the emergence of the recording of rap, videos became which allowed a face to go along with the recording. It allowed the world to see who was creating it, what they looked like this allowed hip hop to actually be seen all over the world. MTV plays Hip-Hop videos, and has prompted the creation of Hip-Hop and R B based video channels such as BET. Since the birth of the visual aspect of hip hop, commercialization has played a large part in the evolution of rap and hip hop. Now more then ever the effects of Hip hop can be seen in everyday America. There are rappers such as Ice cube, and Ice T starring in major motion pictures. Everywhere that you look, you can see people of all ages wearing clothing inspired by hip hop and even the very way that we speak has been affected as slang becomes a more acceptable form of expression. In conclusion, Hip-Hop is the culture from which rap emerged but consists of the four main elements: Graffiti, Break dancing, Djing and Mcing (Rapping. Although break dancing and graffiti are not as widespread as they once were, it should be noted that all aspects of Hip-Hop culture still exist theyre just on new levels. Today the Hip-Hop movement is coming on strong. The movement is trying to teach people about Hip-Hop and its four elements. Hip-Hop has helped to shape America today. It has given a voice to people that were formerly left unheard, and given urban youths entry into a three billion dollar a year business. The Hip-Hop culture is now incorporated in everything today from movies and TV, to clothes, speech and the way we interact with each other.